FAQ: Motor vehicles belonging to displaced persons from Ukraine

As a result of the 42nd Amendment to the Kraftfahrgesetz, the special provision introduced in 2022 for motor vehicles with Ukrainian number plates has been repealed. This means that the general rules governing the use of motor vehicles with foreign number plates apply once again. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether the motor vehicle is permanently based in Austria.

Transitional periods are provided for motor vehicles that were imported into Austria before the amendment came into force (30 July 2026). As a result, the motor vehicles concerned do not have to be registered immediately upon the amendment coming into force.

Legal basis

• sections 79, 82 paragraph 8 and 132 paragraph 38 of the Kraftfahrgesetz (KFG)

• 42. KFG-amendment

In accordance with the provisions of the KFG, a motor vehicle must, in principle, be registered at the place where it is permanently based.

There is a statutory presumption that a motor vehicle imported or used by a person whose principal place of residence is in Austria is permanently based in Austria. As a general rule, such motor vehicles may only be used without registration on public roads in Austria for a period of one month from the date of their first import into the country. Once this period has expired, the registration certificate and number plates must be handed in to the authority (District Administrative Authority, Municipal Administration, State Police Department) within whose local jurisdiction the motor vehicle is situated.

Pursuant to the transitional provision, the time limit for

• motor vehicles with Ukrainian number plates
• used by persons who have a temporary right of residence (Vertriebenen-Verordnung in conjunction with section 62 paragraph 1 of the Asylgesetz),
• and which were brought into the federal territory prior to the commencement of the 42nd Amendment to the Motor Vehicles Act (KFG) on 30 July 2026,

is ten months – i.e. until 30 May 2027.

Furthermore, a provision applies to motor vehicles that are not permanently based in Austria. The use of motor vehicles and trailers bearing foreign number plates which are not permanently based in Austria is permitted on public roads only if the motor vehicles were brought into Austria no more than one year ago. Following the commencement of the 42nd amendment to the KFG on 30 July 2026, the one-year time limit will also apply to motor vehicles with Ukrainian number plates used by persons who have a temporary right of residence under the Displaced Persons Ordinance in conjunction with Section 62 (1) of the Asylum Act 2005.

A distinction should therefore be made, in particular, between the following categories of cases:

Motor vehicle brought into Austria before 30 July 2026

• The vehicle has a permanent location in Austria
  • It is used by a person with a temporary right of residence.
    A ten-month transitional period applies. During this period, Ukrainian vehicles with a permanent location in Austria may continue to be used without Austrian registration, until 30 May 2027.
• The vehicle does not have a permanent location in Austria
  • It was previously exempt from the one-year limit.
    Vehicles brought into Austria before the provision entered into force may continue to be used until 30 July 2027.

Motor vehicle brought into Austria on or after 30 July 2026

• The general rules apply:
  • The vehicle has a permanent location in Austria: Use is generally permitted for one month.
  • The vehicle does not have a permanent location in Austria: Use is generally permitted for up to one year.

Legal basis

• sections 79, 82 paragraph 8 and 132 paragraph 38 of the Kraftfahrgesetz (KFG)
•  section 62 paragraph 1 of the Asylgesetz (AsylG) 
• Vertriebenen-Verordnung (VertriebenenVO)

In the case of natural persons, the applicant’s or user’s principal place of residence is, as a general rule, deemed to be the permanent location of the motor vehicle. Motor vehicles bearing foreign number plates which are brought into the country or used within the country by persons whose principal place of residence or registered office is in Austria shall, unless the contrary is proven, be regarded as motor vehicles permanently based in Austria.

A principal residence in Austria therefore gives rise to a legal presumption as to the place of residence. However, on a case-by-case basis, it may be demonstrated that the motor vehicle’s permanent location is not, in fact, in Austria.

In the case of multiple places of residence, the main residence is the property that forms the centre of a person’s life.

The following criteria, in particular, are relevant when assessing the centre of one’s life:

• the length of stay,
• the location of the workplace or training centre, as well as
• the place of residence of family members, especially children.

If there are close ties to more than one place of residence, the place of residence with which the closest connection exists is to be regarded as the main place of residence.

Whilst the formal registration of one’s main residence in the official Central Register of Residents does constitute an indication, it is not, on its own, decisive for the legal assessment. Rather, it is the actual living conditions in each specific case that are the decisive factor.

If the motor vehicle is to remain in use on public roads in Austria after the relevant deadline has expired, an Austrian registration is generally required. The procedure is usually as follows:

• Customs clearance of the motor vehicle for release into free circulation; where applicable, duty-free as relocation goods,
• depending on the circumstances:
  • for motor vehicles without an EU type-approval certificate (COC), individual approval of the motor vehicle by a regional testing centre and entry into the approval database by that regional testing centre,
    or
  • for motor vehicles with an EU type-approval certificate (COC), registration in the type-approval database by the general importer,
• where applicable, a favourable assessment in accordance with section 57a of the KFG,
• NoVA declaration or self-assessment and activation in the approval database,
• signing up for motor vehicle third-party liability insurance that is valid in Austria,
• registration with an Austrian Registration Authority.

It is advisable to take the necessary steps in good time before the relevant deadline expires, particularly if an individual or special authorisation is required.

Further links

• Regional examination centres (BMIMI)^{German text} with a search function to find the relevant regional examination centre
• Vehicle import (BMIMI)^{German text}  with a list of general importers

Once the period of use permitted under road traffic legislation has expired, the motor vehicle may, in principle, no longer be used on public roads in Austria without an Austrian registration. The registration certificate and number plates must be handed over to the authority (District Administrative Authority, Municipal Administration, State Police Department) within whose local jurisdiction the motor vehicle is situated.

Any further use may result in administrative penalties. In the case of a roadside check, drivers may also be prohibited from continuing their journey.

In addition, there may be tax implications: the unlawful use of motor vehicles with foreign number plates in Austria also gives rise, in particular, to an obligation to pay the standardised consumption tax (NoVA) USP), as well as the motor vehicle tax payable on an ongoing basis.

Further links

NoVA in cases of unlawful use (BMF)

It is not possible to give a flat-rate figure for the total costs. They depend, in particular, on the value of the vehicle, its age and technical specifications, any necessary technical modifications, any individual or special approval that may be required, and the applicable duties and taxes.

The following fees, in particular, are currently payable for registration:

• Fees according to the Austrian Fees Act: 178 Euro,
• Processing fee: 65.60 Euro,
• Enquiry to the Central Register of Residents: 1.10 Euro,
• Inspection sticker: 2.30 Euro,
• Number plates:
  • Cars and lorries: 23 Euro
  • Motorcycle: 13 Euro
  • Moped: 8.50 Euro
  • Trailer: 11.50 Euro
  • Tractor unit: 11.50 Euro
• When applying for a debit card authorisation certificate: 31.10 Euro.

In addition, there may be costs (partly dependent on the vehicle’s value) for type approval, special permits, expert reports, technical modifications, section-57a-assessment, NoVA, insurance, as well as customs duty (10 percent) and import VAT (20 percent). No customs duties or import VAT are payable on duty-free relocation goods.

Depending on the circumstances, several charges may apply:

• Customs duty and import VAT on release for free circulation, provided that no exemption – in particular for relocation goods – applies,
• Standardised consumption tax (NoVA) prior to first registration in Austria, provided that the motor vehicle is subject to NoVA and no exemption applies,
• Motor-related insurance tax is payable as part of motor vehicle liability insurance on the basis of Austrian registration for motor vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tonnes.

Regulation(EU) 2022/1280 provides for the recognition of Ukrainian driving licences for the duration of temporary protection under EU law. As things stand at present, this EU-wide special provision will apply until 4 March 2027 at the latest.

Ukrainian driving licence holders who have been, or will be, residing in Austria for at least six months may voluntarily have their driving licence converted into an Austrian driving licence. As a general rule, this requires a practical driving test.

The acquisition of a "Red-White-Red-Card plus" is independent of these EU driving licence regulations.

If a principal residence is established in Austria, it must be ascertained whether this triggers a permanent location in Austria. For motor vehicles belonging to Ukrainian displaced persons that were imported before 30 July 2026 and which meet the requirements of the transitional provision, the ten-month transitional period provided for therein shall apply until 30 May 2027. For the special transitional provision to apply, a temporary right of residence must therefore be granted (Vertriebenen-Verordnung in conjunction with section 62 paragraph 1 of the AsylG).

The temporary right of residence arises, in principle, by operation of law, provided the conditions set out in the Displaced Persons Ordinance are met. However, in order to benefit from the transitional provision, suitable proof of the existing right of residence is required. This is generally provided by means of the displaced persons’ identity card. In the absence of any other equivalent official documentation, this document must be submitted in order to prove the right of residence required for the application of the transitional provision.

Legal basis

• sections 82 pragraph 8 and 132 pragraph 38 of the  Kraftfahrgesetz (KFG)
• section 62 pragraph 1 and 4 of the Asylgesetz (AsylG)
• Vertriebenen-Verordnung (VertriebenenVO)

The Motor Vehicles Act does not prescribe any standard form of evidence for this. It is the responsibility of the relevant competent authority to determine what evidence is sufficient in a particular procedure.

The one-month time limit in cases with a permanent location of the motor vehicle within the country does not start afresh after every border crossing. It is, in principle, linked to the initial import.

The one-year period in cases where there is no permanent location of the motor vehicle within the country, on the other hand, is interrupted by a crossing of the border and recommences upon the vehicle’s re-entry.

Legal basis

sections 79 and 82 paragraph 8 of the Kraftfahrgesetz (KFG)

Essentially, registration in Austria requires lawful ownership, a main place of residence in Austria, a vehicle registration certificate valid in Austria, proof of insurance and – if due – a valid, favourable inspection report. In addition, the motor vehicle must have been released for free circulation under customs regulations and the standardised consumption tax NoVA needs to have been settled. Otherwise, the authorisation cannot be activated in the authorisation database.

As a general rule, the original copies of the documents required for Austrian registration must be submitted. In particular, the following may be accepted:

• an EU Certificate of Conformity in paper or electronic form (COC/eCOC),
• an EU single authorisation form or
• an individual authorisation notice

as proof of authorisation.

The regional assessment body assesses, on a case-by-case basis, which Ukrainian or other documents are sufficient as evidence within the framework of an individual authorisation procedure.

Before registration, the approval details for motor vehicles with EU type-approval must be entered into the approval database. The general importer enters this data and generates a data extract from the authorisation database. If the general importer does not have authorisation to enter the data or fails to act without delay, the regional inspection body is responsible for entering the data.

For motor vehicles without EU type-approval, individual approval by the regional testing centre (type classification) is still required.

Information on individual or special permits, as well as further details on the import of motor vehicles, can be obtained from the technical inspection centres of the relevant state government authority.

Further links

• Regional examination centres (BMIMI)^{German text} with a search function to find the relevant regional examination centre
• Vehicle import (BMIMI)^{German text} with a list of general importers

Exemptions may be granted on the grounds of special circumstances. Such special circumstances may, amongst other things, apply to motor vehicles that are classified as the applicant’s relocation goods. There is a one-year retention period for special permits relating to relocation goods.

If a motor vehicle is individually type-approved in Austria without any exceptions, it should also be possible to register it in all other Member States; where necessary, this may require the vehicle to be type-approved in the Member State of destination. If the motor vehicle has been type-approved subject to exemptions, the harmonised regulations provide that each Member State may decide whether to accept exemptions granted in another Member State.

A favourable inspection under section 57a of the KFG is required prior to registration if, under Austrian regulations, a periodic inspection is already due for the motor vehicle. A Ukrainian technical inspection does not replace the Austrian periodic inspection.

The date of the assessment is generally based on the anniversary of the initial authorisation, even if this took place abroad, or on a date set by the authority. The new inspection intervals, which come into force in May 2027, apply only to motor vehicles registered in Austria.

Whether and how a vehicle must be deregistered in Ukraine, and what the consequences are of subsequently re-registering it in Ukraine, are governed by Ukrainian law.

Ukrainian number plates and vehicle documents are not confiscated by the Austrian registration authority.

The right under road traffic law to use a vehicle with Ukrainian number plates is subject to the statutory time limits. Austrian registration is granted immediately by the authorising body via a one-stop procedure as soon as all the necessary supporting documents have been submitted. The necessary preparatory work – in particular the customs declaration, the motor vehicle registration, the technical inspection in accordance with section 57a of the KFG  and the standardised consumption tax (NoVA) declaration – should therefore be completed in good time.

Yes. Before the standardised consumption tax (NoVA) process can be completed and the vehicle can be activated in the registration database, the motor vehicle must be released for free circulation under customs law. This also applies where the motor vehicle, as part of goods being relocated, is eligible for full exemption from customs duty and import VAT.

There are essentially two options:

• standard release for free circulation, subject to the applicable import duties; therefore, in principle, 10 percent customs duty and 20 percent import VAT on the value at the time of customs clearance,
  or
• duty-free import as relocation goods, provided that the statutory requirements are met and an application for exemption is made.

Further links

• Relocation from a non EU country (BMF)^{German text}
• Custom Authorities Austria (BMF)^{German text}
  • We recommend contacting us early on to facilitate the process.
  • Alternatively, a freight forwarder can be commissioned to handle customs clearance (including any necessary declaration as relocation goods).

The following factors are particularly relevant for exemption from duty as relocation goods: habitual residence; prior residence in a third country for at least twelve months; and ownership and use of the motor vehicle prior to the change of residence.
The following may be accepted as evidence:

• Confirmation of registration (if there is a registration system or a compulsory registration requirement in the third country) or confirmation of deregistration (unless residence in the third country is retained) in the third country,
• Registration in Austria (not conclusive evidence, as the registration system does not record the usual place of residence),
• Service or tenancy agreements,
• Confirmations of school enrolment for children,
• Foreign vehicle documents/registration documents,
• Documentary evidence (e.g. an invoice) that the goods belonged to the person concerned and were used by them prior to the change of residence is only required if there are serious doubts as to this fact. Signs of wear and tear are usually sufficient as evidence.

In the event of relocation for exceptional political reasons, the minimum period of use which would otherwise apply under customs law may be waived. It is up to the Customs Authority to decide whether the requirements are met on a case-by-case basis.

Yes. There is a one-year retention period. A sale within this period will result in the full retroactive recovery of customs duties and import VAT and may, where applicable, have consequences under financial criminal law.

It is not possible to register a motor vehicle in Austria whilst it remains in the temporary admission procedure and has not cleared customs. Before authorisation is granted by the Austrian Tax Authority, proof of customs clearance must therefore be provided (including for relocation goods).

An Austrian authorisation obtained unlawfully terminates the temporary admission procedure by operation of law and may result in the imposition of import duties as well as consequences under financial criminal law.

Whilst the motor vehicle is subject to the customs procedure for temporary admission, the following, in particular, is permitted:

• informal re-export to a third country, including Ukraine (a formal declaration of re-export is not required; the actual movement of the goods is sufficient),
• Transfer to another EU Member State, in which case the relevant motor vehicle and customs regulations in force there must be observed (a formal declaration of the transfer is not required; the actual transfer is sufficient),
• permanent residence in Austria from a strictly customs law perspective, provided that the conditions for temporary use (in particular, displaced person status) continue to be met,

sales within the EU under the temporary admission procedure are not permitted.

When selling to a third country (including Ukraine), the regulations in force there must be observed.

Scrapping a vehicle in Austria must be cleared with customs in advance; failure to declare scrapping may result in tax liabilities and financial penalties. After all, even a scrapped motor vehicle has some value!

Imports into Ukraine are governed by Ukrainian customs law. Depending on whether the habitual residence remains within the EU or is transferred to Ukraine, different procedures may apply. Binding information on this matter can be obtained from the Ukrainian Customs Authority or the Ukrainian Embassy.

The Standardised Consumption Tax (NoVA) (USP) is a one-off levy payable, amongst other things, upon the first registration of certain motor vehicles in Austria. Where a motor vehicle imported from Ukraine is duly registered in Austria for the first time, the conditions for a taxable event (unlawful use) are, in principle, fulfilled.
However, the NoVA is also payable if a motor vehicle is used in Austria with a foreign (in particular Ukrainian) license plate.

Whether NoVA is payable, and if so, the amount, depends in particular on the vehicle, the applicable rate, the relevant CO₂ emission figure and the value of the vehicle. A special tariff arrangement was introduced for certain motor vehicles from Ukraine.

Using the Ministry of Finance’s official NoVA calculator, you can work out in advance the amount of NoVA and the ongoing motor-related insurance

Furhter links

NoVA calculator (BMF)

Rechtsgrundlagen

section 6 paragraph 8 of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz (NoVAG)

The special tariff arrangement applies if all of the following conditions are met:

• the motor vehicle was first registered in Ukraine before 1 March 2022,
• the motor vehicle was registered in Ukraine throughout the entire period,
• an actual first registration in Austria takes place, and
• residence authorisation in Austria is granted to a person who holds a temporary right of residence (Vertriebenen-Verordnung in conjunction with section 62 paragraph AsylG)

The temporary right of residence generally arises by operation of law where the conditions set out in the Vertriebenen-Verordnung are met. However, in order to benefit from the provision, suitable proof of the existing right of residence is required. This is generally provided by means of the displaced persons’ identity card. In the absence of any other equivalent official documentation, this document must be produced in order to prove the right of residence relevant for the application of the special tariff arrangement.

If these conditions are met, the NoVA rate in force at the time of registration in Austria will not be applied. Rather, the relevant legal position is that which would have applied in Austria at the time the motor vehicle was first registered.

The special tariff arrangement is not a tax exemption, but a tariff provision.

Vehicles that are not subject to the NoVA or for which another exemption applies are therefore not taxable.

Legal basis

• section 6 paragraph 8 of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz (NoVAG)
• section 62 paragraph 1 and 4 of the Asylgesetz (AsylG) 
• Vertriebenen-Verordnung (VertriebenenVO)

According to the wording, the motor vehicle must have been registered in Ukraine without interruption. If the vehicle has been temporarily registered in another country or has been completely deregistered in Ukraine, this requirement is not met.

Ukrainian registration documents or official confirmations are particularly suitable as proof.

No. The special tariff provision for motor vehicles belonging to displaced persons from Ukraine expressly refers to the actual first registration in Austria. By contrast, the unlawful use of a motor vehicle after the expiry of the period of use permitted under road traffic law does not constitute actual registration in Austria.

Anyone who continues to use a motor vehicle without an Austrian registration after the period permitted under motor vehicle law has expired cannot claim the special tariff calculation rules.

Legal basis

sections 1 pagragraph 2 (a) and (b) and 6 paragraph 8 of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz (NoVAG)

If a motor vehicle continues to be used without an Austrian registration after the expiry of the period permitted under road traffic legislation, this generally constitutes an taxable offence. The tax liability arising from unlawful use is, in principle, linked to the importation into the country.

Due to the special provision introduced in 2022 for motor vehicles with Ukrainian number plates, the tax liability in cases of unlawful use contrary to the registration requirement for the motor vehicles concerned shall not arise until the transitional provision of the 42nd amendment to the KFG comes into force on 30 July 2026. An earlier date of importation into the country is not relevant.

Legal basis

section 1 paragraph 3 (a) and (b) and section 7 of the Normverbrauchsabgabengesetz (NoVA)

The special tariff provision alters the applicable tariff, not the valuation date. As a general rule, the tax base is determined by the value of the motor vehicle at the time of the taxable transaction; therefore, the historical value of the vehicle at the time of its first registration in Ukraine is not taken into account.

The historical date of first registration, on the other hand, is relevant for determining the applicable NoVA legislation. Where the legal position at the time provided for bonuses, penalties or deductions, the applicable statutory rules, including those relating to changes in value, must be observed.

Legal basis

sections 5 and 6 paragraph 8 of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz (NoVAG)

In that case, the standard rules for a second-hand vehicle from a third country generally apply. In the case of an actual first registration in Austria, the NoVA is calculated in accordance with the legal provisions in force at the time of the Austrian registration.

This applies in particular to vehicles which were first registered in Ukraine on or after 1 March 2022, which have not been registered in Ukraine continuously, or which are registered in the name of a person who does not meet the personal requirements set out for the special tariff provision.

In such cases, the new NEDC replacement calculation may be of particular significance.

Legal basis

section 6 paragraph 6 (2) and paragraph 8 of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz (NoVAG)

Under current legislation, the CO₂ emission figure determined using the WLTP test procedure is generally the relevant figure for passenger cars. If no WLTP figure is available, but a CO₂ figure determined in accordance with the previous NEDC measurement procedure is available, then, 1.27 times the NEDC value may be taken as the CO₂ value instead of the substitute value otherwise provided for (engine power in kW × 2).

Value used to calculate NoVA under the current rules

• Verifiable WLTP value available → WLTP value
• No verifiable WLTP value, but an NEDC value is available → NEDC value × 1.27
• Neither a relevant WLTP value nor an NEDC value is available → engine power in kW × 2

The regulation does not provide a general choice between WLTP and NEDC. If a WLTP figure is available for the motor vehicle, it must be used.
There is no provision for a specific statutory rounding rule applicable solely to the CO₂ value calculated using 1.27. The subsequent calculation is carried out in accordance with the general rules of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz.

Legal basis

section 6 paragraph 6 (2) of the Normverbrauchsabgabegesetz (NoVAG)

No. In the case of a vehicle that meets the requrirements of the special tariff provision, the NoVA is calculated in accordance with the legal provisions in force at the time of its first registration in Ukraine. If the NEDC figure was directly applicable at the time, it must be used in accordance with the legal position at that time.

The new conversion factor (NEDC × 1.27) is therefore particularly relevant for motor vehicles that are not covered by the special tariff provision and are taxed in accordance with the current legal position.

In addition to the special tax regime for Ukrainian motor vehicles, the general exemptions under the NoVAG apply. It must therefore be assessed on a case-by-case basis whether a motor vehicle is subject to NoVA tax at all or whether an exemption applies.

For motor vehicles used primarily for the personal transport of a person with a disability (where the use of public transport is unreasonable or the person is blind), an exemption from the NoVA may be considered provided the statutory conditions are met. In addition, motor vehicles used primarily for the personal transport of a person with a disability are exempt from motor insurance tax.

Further links

• NoVA – taxable item (BMF)^{German text} with detailed information on motor vehicles subject to the NoVA
• Information on exemption from the NoVA for people with disabiltites (BMF)^{German text}

Provided that the legal and organisational requirements for self-assessment are met, duly authorised representatives of the parties may also calculate and pay the NoVA in respect of imports from third countries and arrange for the entry to be activated in the authorisation database. When applying the special tariff provision for motor vehicles from Ukraine the additional requirements – in particular, first registration before 1 March 2022, continuous Ukrainian registration and displaced person status – must be clearly documented.

Further links

Self-calculation of NoVA and USt by party representatives (BMF)German text
with a list of general importers (party representatives) authorized to calculate duties themselves and to activate their accounts in the authorisation database

Where a standard motor vehicle is duly registered in Austria for the carriage of passengers, the engine-related insurance tas (USP) is, as a rule, levied together with the Austrian motor vehicle liability insurance.

Motor vehicle tax (USP), on the other hand, is relevant in the event of the unlawful use of a motor vehicle with foreign number plates. If a Ukrainian motor vehicle continues to be used unlawfully within Austria after the period permitted under road traffic law has expired, ongoing motor vehicle tax may be payable in addition to the one-off NoVA.